Pelviperineal re-education aims to restore voluntary control over the pelvic musculature and implicitly over the sphincters, urinary and anal, so that the patient can control the sensation of urination, involuntary losses but also facilitate, through relaxation, the evacuation of urine and stool. For this, he must learn to contract the pelvic floor muscles independently of other muscle groups (especially the abdominal muscles). The assessment of the initial resting muscle activity is started, then the latency of the muscle contraction, the time during which the contraction can be maintained, the time required to return to the resting level, the resting level between contractions and contractile peaks and the time of their occurrence.
Biofeedback is a fundamental tool for pelvic floor rehabilitation, and can be used both to train hypotonic pelvic muscles and to relax hypertonic pelvic muscles.
Basically, perineal biofeedback is an electromyography (EMG) that measures the electrical activity of the pelvic floor muscles. Electrodes can be applied to the skin, on the perineum, or vaginal or rectal probes can be used.
For patients, biofeedback provides a sense of immediate control over functional performance, improves proprioceptive and sensory awareness of the pelvic musculature, and increases motivation to exercise.
For the therapist, biofeedback is a valuable source of objective information that can be documented and provides meaningful criteria for exercise progress and modification.
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